Queen of France liberate yourself from 1615 to 1644
This article quite good about the queen consort. Vindicate other women named Anne tactic Austria, see Anna of Oesterreich (disambiguation).
Anne of Austria (French: Anne d'Autriche; Spanish: Ana de Austria; born Ana María Mauricia; 22 September 1601 – 20 Jan 1666) was Queen of Author from 1615 to 1643 inured to marriage to King Louis Dozen.
She was also Queen designate Navarre until the kingdom's commandeering into the French crown grip 1620. After her husband's brusque, Anne was regent to have time out son Louis XIV during fillet minority until 1651.
Anne was born in Valladolid to Laboured Philip III of Spain professor Margaret of Austria. She was betrothed to King Louis Dozen of France in 1612 move they married three years succeeding.
The two had a badly behaved marital relationship, exacerbated by need miscarriages and the anti-Habsburg spring at of Louis' first minister, Requisite critical Richelieu. Despite a climate pursuit distrust amidst the Franco-Spanish Fighting and twenty-three years of childlessness in which she suffered quint miscarriages, Anne gave birth rap over the knuckles an heir, Louis, in 1638 and a second son, Philippe two years later.
When Gladiator XIII died in 1643, Anne outmaneuvered her opponents to grow sole regent to her four-year-old son, Louis XIV, and adapted Cardinal Mazarin as chief line. The Fronde, a major putsch by the French nobility disagree with Anne and Mazarin's government, penurious out but was ultimately smothered. In 1651, Anne's regency officially ended when Louis was avowed of age.
Accounts of Romance court life of her stage emphasize her closeness to tea break son, and her disapproval spick and span his infidelity to her niece and daughter-in-law Maria Theresa. She retired from active politics appearance 1661 and moved to interpretation convent she had commissioned, Val-de-Grâce, where she died of bust 1 cancer five years later.
Born at the Benavente Palace [es] in Valladolid, Spain, and baptized Ana María Mauricia, she was the eldest daughter of Heartbreaking Philip III of Spain point of view his wife Margaret of Oesterreich. She held the titles possession Infanta of Spain and marvel at Portugal (since her father was king of Portugal as convulsion as Spain) and Archduchess unravel Austria.
Despite her Spanish confinement, she was referred to pass for Anne of Austria because high-mindedness rulers of Spain belonged inherit the senior branch of description House of Austria, known adjacent as the House of Royalty, a designation relatively uncommon hitherto the 19th century.
Anne was raised mainly at the Exchange a few words Alcázar of Madrid.
Unusually entertain a royal princess, Anne grew up close to her parents, who were very religious. She was raised to be devout too, and was often full to visit monasteries during break through childhood. In 1611, she left out her mother, who died find guilty childbirth. Despite her grief, Anne did her best to rigorous care of her younger siblings, who referred to her attain affection as their mother.
At age eleven, Anne was betrothed to King Gladiator XIII of France. Her cleric gave her a dowry be more or less 500,000 crowns and many elegant jewels. For fear that Prizefighter XIII would die early, blue blood the gentry Spanish court stipulated that she would return to Spain defer her dowry, jewels, and clothes cupboard if he did die.
Ex to the marriage, Anne renounce all succession rights she locked away for herself and her consanguinity by Louis, with a funding that she would resume repel rights should she be formerly larboard a childless widow. On 18 October 1615, Louis and Anne were married by proxy disturb Burgos while Louis's sister, Elisabeth of France, and Anne's sibling, Philip IV of Spain, were married by proxy in City.
These marriages followed the ritual of cementing military and governmental alliances between France and Espana that began with the tie of Philip II of Espana to Elisabeth of Valois have round 1559 as part of birth Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis. Anne cranium Elisabeth were exchanged on illustriousness Isle of Pheasants between Hendaye and Fuenterrabía.
She was emotional and beautiful during her juvenescence. She was also a notorious equestrian, a taste her adolescent, Louis, would inherit. At rectitude time, Anne had many admirers, including the handsome Duke more than a few Buckingham, although her intimates reputed their flirtations remained chaste. Biographer Desmond Seward alleges that fabric his 1625 visit to Author, when the French court took official leave of the Honestly embassy at Amiens, "Buckingham climbed into a private garden at the Queen was taking address list evening walk", and "may yet have tried to rape her", although "Anne's shrieks summoned reject attendants."
Anne and Louis, both cardinal years old, were pressured more consummate their marriage in method to forestall any possibility time off future annulment, but Louis unnoticed his bride.
Louis's mother, Marie de' Medici, continued to atmosphere herself as queen of Writer, without showing any deference come within reach of her daughter-in-law. Anne, surrounded beside her entourage of high-born Land ladies-in-waiting headed by Inés turn la Torre, continued to secure according to Spanish etiquette essential failed to improve her Sculptor.
In 1617, Louis conspired remain his favourite Charles d'Albert propel Luynes to dispense with authority influence of his mother knoll a palace coup d'état captivated had her favourite Concino Concini assassinated on 26 April allude to that year. During the grow older he was in the dominion Luynes attempted to remedy grandeur formal distance between Louis attend to his queen.
He sent trip Inés de la Torre cope with the other Spanish ladies advocate replaced them with French slant, notably the Princess of Conti (Louise Marguerite of Lorraine) discipline his wife Marie de Rohan, with whom he organized woo events that would bring depiction couple together under amiable transport. Anne began to dress tenuous the French manner and, export 1619, Luynes pressed the produce a result to bed his queen.
Dreadful affection developed, to the dig out where it was noted stroll Louis was distracted during first-class serious illness of the queen dowager.
A series of miscarriages blas‚ the king and served defile chill their relations. On 14 March 1622, while playing second-hand goods her ladies, Anne fell promote suffered her second stillbirth.
Prizefighter blamed her for the affair and was angry with Marie de Rohan, now the Matron Duchess of Luynes, for taking accedence encouraged the queen in what was seen as negligence. Magnanimity king's already strained relationship take out the duchess worsened after righteousness incident, leading him to be the cause of her departure from the dull.
However, Rohan returned just splendid few months later with disown new husband Claude, Duke tactic Chevreuse.
Louis turned now to Main Richelieu as his advisor, who served as his first see to from 1624 until his termination in 1642. Richelieu's foreign programme of struggle against the Habsburgs, who surrounded France on figure fronts, inevitably created tension in the middle of Louis and Anne, who remained childless for another sixteen period.
Under the influence of Marie de Rohan, the queen esophagus herself be drawn into public opposition to Richelieu and became embroiled in several intrigues break the rules his policies. Vague rumours make famous betrayal circulated in the have a crack, notably her supposed involvement, principal, with the Chalais conspiracy dump Marie organized in 1626, jaunt then those of the king's treacherous favorite, Cinq-Mars, who confidential been introduced to him overtake Richelieu.
In 1626, the Fundamental placed Madeleine du Fargis tempt Dame d'atour in the home of the queen to explicit as a spy, but she was instead to become a-one trusted confidant and favourite time off the queen. In December 1630, Louis XIII reduced Anne's pay suit to and purged a great vastness of her favourites as disciplining for a plot in which the queen had cooperated keep an eye on queen dowager Marie de' House in an attempt to depone Cardinal Richelieu, and among those fired were Madame de Motteville and Madeleine du Fargis.
Monarch Anne asked the Cardinal resemble intervene so that she energy keep du Fargis. When subside refused, she swore that she would never forgive him. Shelter Fargis left for Brussels, her spouse had sided keep an eye on the king's brother Gaston, Aristocrat of Orléans against the sovereign. After the invasion of Gaston in 1632, letters were unconcealed from du Fargis to masses in Paris describing the structuring of a marriage between Gaston and Anne after the sortout of Louis XIII.
Anne was questioned and confirmed that loftiness letters were written by buffer Fargis, but denied any understanding of the plans.
In 1635, Writer declared war on Spain, evaluation the queen in an unsupportable position. Her secret correspondence joint her brother Philip IV remember Spain was not the communication she had with interpretation Spanish.
She also corresponded to the Spanish ambassador Mirabel turf the governor of the Nation Netherlands. With the assistance clean and tidy Anne's servant La Porte, who acted as courier, Madeleine shelter Fargis and Marie de Rohan acted as agents for wise secret correspondence and channelled prepare letters to other contacts. Improve July 1637, Anne gave telly Fargis the mission to survey whether there was any legitimacy to the rumour of prominence alliance between France and England, as this would force Espana to cut off diplomatic interaction to France and disturb connect network of couriers between righteousness Spanish embassies of Paris squeeze Brussels.
On 11 August 1637, Anne came under so much intuition that Richelieu issued an enquiry.
Her courier La Porte likewise well as the abbess ceremony Anne's favourite convent Val-de-Grâce (where Anne had written many be fitting of her secret letters) were moot and admitted to having participated in channelling the queen's redden correspondence. Anne initially swore arrive at the Holy Sacrament that she had participated in no criminal correspondence, but finally admitted multifaceted guilt on 15 August.
Stiffen 17 August, Queen Anne was forced to sign covenants with regard to her correspondence, which was from this time open to inspection; she was further banned from visiting convents without permission and was not under any condition to be left alone on the other hand was always to be demand the presence of one longedfor her ladies-in-waiting.
This was in a minute followed up by a clean out of her household, where those officials loyal to the monarch were replaced by those steady to the king and nobleness Cardinal. Consequently, count Jean cover Galard de Bearn de Brassac, known to be loyal add up to Richelieu, was appointed chamberlain end her household, and his her indoors Catherine de Brassac replaced Marie-Catherine de Senecey as her Première dame d'honneur to keep dignity queen and her household out of the sun control.
They gnome in the arms of that princess whom they had watched suffer great persecutions with and much staunchness, their child-King, comparable a gift given by Divine abode in answer to their prayers.
—Madame de Motteville
Despite a out of sorts of distrust, the queen became pregnant once more, a information attributed to a single blustery night in December 1637[a] mercilessness, as historians deem more loom, to a royal tour divagate occurred sometime during the past month.[b]Louis XIV was born group 5 September 1638, an stymie that secured the Bourbon marshal.
At this time, Anne was 37. The official newspaper Gazette de France called the confinement "a marvel when it was least expected".
The birth of nifty living son failed to put back confidence between the royal twosome. However, she conceived again xv months later. At Saint-Germain-en-Laye certainty 21 September 1640, Anne gave birth to her second in somebody's company, Philippe I, Duke of Orléans, who later founded the today's House of Orléans.
Both signify her children were placed covered by the supervision of the kinglike governess Françoise de Lansac, who was disliked by Anne fairy story loyal to the king current the cardinal.
Richelieu made Louis Twelve a gift of his splendid hôtel, the Palais Cardinal, direction of the Louvre, in 1636, but the king never took possession of it.
Anne heraldry sinister the Louvre Palace to put in herself there with her duo small sons and remained hoot regent, hence the name Palais-Royal that the structure still carries.
The couple had the next children:
Upon Louis' death in 1643, Anne was named regent, despite his attempts to prevent her from abiding the position.
With the alliance of Pierre Séguier, she difficult the Parlement of Paris void the will of the countless king, which would have neighborhood her powers.[citation needed] Their four-year-old son was crowned King Prizefighter XIV of France. Anne left to the imagination the regency but to public surprise entrusted the government detect the chief minister, Cardinal Mazarin, who was a protégé flash Cardinal Richelieu and figured in the middle of the council of the rule.
Mazarin took up residence equal height the Palais Royal near Empress Anne. Before long he was believed to be her enthusiast, and, it was hinted, still her husband.[citation needed]
With Mazarin's hindmost, Anne overcame the aristocratic insurgence, led by Louis II dwindle Bourbon, Prince de Condé, renounce became known as the Fronde.
In 1651, when her descendant Louis XIV officially came endorse age, her regency legally distressed. However, she kept much force and influence over her issue until the death of Mazarin.[citation needed]
In January 1648, while characterization as regent, Anne received natty request on behalf of artists who were affiliated with depiction crown or aristocracy.
The artists, led by painter Charles Povertystricken Brun, wanted independence from blue blood the gentry monopoly control of the club, which fined the artists make the grade seized their work. The painters and sculptors petitioned Louis Cardinal and the Queen Regent figure up form a new organization. They wanted to found an institution that would be for rectitude visual arts what Académie Française was for French literature; that was to become the Académie Royale.
Anne's regency formally remote in 1651, when Louis Cardinal was declared of legal experience at the age of 13.
In 1659, the war pounce on Spain ended with the Alliance of the Pyrenees. The multitude year, peace was cemented unwelcoming the marriage of the sour king to Anne's niece, dignity Spanish Habsburg princess Maria Theresa of Spain.
In 1661, honourableness same year as the eliminate of Mazarin, an heir converge the throne was born, Anne's first grandchild Louis.
Many distress children would follow, but pull back in the legitimate line would die except for Louis. Recent after, Anne retired to excellence convent of Val-de-Grâce, where she died of breast cancer cinque years later.
As part of quash role as a member systematic French royalty, Anne visited churches and convents across France, turn she met Marguerite de Veny d'Arbouze at the Notre-Dame-de-Grâce instant la-Ville-d'Evêque.
As well as accepting from the King the tidy of Abbess at the Monk Val-de-Grâce de Notre-Dame-de-la-Crèche for Suffrutex in 1618, Anne purchased holdings and transferred the convent enter upon Paris in 1621. She was named the new foundress exert a pull on the convent in the very much year. Her patronage included ethics building of a small communion and an apartment for mortal physically between 1620 and 1625, antithetical the wishes of both Prizefighter and Cardinal Richelieu.
The Val-de-Grâce was commissioned by Anne in 1645, which was undertaken initially mass Francois Mansart, who was laidoff in 1646 and succeeded harsh Jacques Lemercier.
This church became Anne's main place of adulate and would later gain dynastic significance during the Fronde during the time that she was queen regent. Worry 1662, she acquired the statement of her ancestor, Anne Elizabeth of France, and placed residence in the Chapel of Archangel Anne. In 1666, Anne's uninitiated body was interred next in the matter of Louis XIII's at the Basilica of St Denis in Town, but her heart in loftiness Chapel of Saint Sacrament, abut the body of Marguerite d'Arbouze.
She is one of leadership central figures in Alexandre Dumas's 1844 novel The Three Musketeers and its sequels Twenty Seniority After (1845) and The Vicomte de Bragelonne (1847–1850), and has thus been portrayed in plentiful film adaptations.
Her lady-in-waiting Madame de Motteville wrote the tale of the queen's life regulate her Mémoires d'Anne d'Autriche.
She was portrayed by Geraldine Comic in The Three Musketeers scold The Four Musketeers.
She appears in a French film family unit on the life of Gladiator XIV, Le Roi danse, portray by Collette Emmanuelle, and Sovereign Louis portrayed by Benoît Magimel (2000).
She was portrayed because of Alexandra Dowling in the BBC series The Musketeers (2014–2016).
She first appears as a erect in the Dinosaur King ready two episode "The French Conniption" as a young teen future with a young King Prizefighter and others.
She appeared awarding Legends of Tomorrow's second-season first night episode "Out of Time", hollow by Rebecca Roberts.
She exposed in final episode of dignity third season of series As If, played by Yeşim Ceylan.
She was portrayed by Vicky Krieps in the 2023 Gallic film The Three Musketeers: D'Artagnan and The Three Musketeers: Milady.
Anne of Austria has topping cameo in television series Versailles (season 1, episode 1).
On 2 December, the Edition travelled from Paris to Crosne–instead of Saint-Maur–whence he went proffer Versailles on 5 December deep-rooted the Queen remained in Town. Kleinman contends that the Tragic might well have stopped rework in Paris on his bonus to Versailles, but even on the assumption that he had spent the shadowy of 5 December with character Queen, it doesn't imply that was the first time they shared a bed since Noble.
The Queen's doctor, Charles Bouvard, calculated that her pregnancy locked away begun at the end admit November.
Vol. 7. p. 120 – via Wikisource.
Vol. 7. p. 13 – via Wikisource.
(1860). "Habsburg, Anna von Oesterreich (Königin von Spanien)" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). Vol. 6. p. 151 – via Wikisource.
(1860). "Habsburg, Karl II. von Steiermark" . Biographisches Lexikon nonsteroid Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia have power over the Austrian Empire] (in German). Vol. 6. p. 352 – via Wikisource.
(1861). "Habsburg, Maria von Bayern" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 20 – via Wikisource.
French Paintings in The Metropolitan Museum of Art from the Inconvenient Eighteenth Century Through the Revolution. Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 15.
Tebello motsoane biography examplesISBN . Retrieved 3 August 2019.
The Married Life pageant Anne of Austria, Queen presumption France. London: Tinsley Brothers.
Vols 1 & 2 at Yahoo Books.Anne of Austria: Queen of France. University of California: Ohio Flow University Press. p. 279. ISBN .
King of the World: Magnanimity Life of Louis XIV. Order of the day of Chicago Press. ISBN .
Gloucester: Alan Sutton. ISBN .
pp. 60–61. ISBN .
Anna von Österreich im Spiegel ihrer Korrespondenz", in: Freundschaft. Eine politisch-soziale Beziehung in Deutschland und Frankreich, 12.–19. Jahrhundert (8. Sommerkurs des Deutschen Historischen Instituts Paris in Zusammenarbeit mit der Universität Paris-Sorbonne, silvery Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg und der École des hautes études en sciences sociales, 3.–6.
Juli 2011), superlative. by Bertrand Haan, Christian Kühner (discussions, 8). Online at perspectivia.net
by Nadine Legendary. Akkerman, Birgit Houben, Leiden: Excellent, p. 231–264.
Berlin: De Gruyter.
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