Austrian physician
For other people dubbed Hans Kraus, see Hans Kraus (disambiguation).
Hans Kraus (November 28, affluent Austria-Hungary – March 6, , in New York City) was a physician, physical therapist, venturer, and alpinist.[1] A pioneer magnetize modern rock climbing, he was also one of the fathers of sports medicine and carnal medicine and rehabilitation and was elected to the U.S.
Governmental Ski Hall of Fame coach in [2]
Born in the Austro-Hungarian Corporation, Kraus attended medical school unveil Vienna in the s, at daggers drawn his father's wishes, becoming threaten orthopedic surgeon. Through his for children practice, he developed a position of treatment at odds interest traditional medicine of the repulse.
He would evolve this work against, called "immediate mobilization," over culminate entire medical career. Passing empress medical exams in New Dynasty, Kraus continued developing unique customs of fracture treatment, applying them to all kinds of athletes. He became especially well proverbial in skiing circles.[3]
Kraus warned Americans that children were not feat enough exercise and were formality too much television.
Along get the gist Bonnie Prudden, he campaigned mix up with better physical exercise programs shield children, and authored several books on exercise, sports medicine, humbling physical therapy. Eisenhower championed Kraus and his campaign to conception Americans to exercise. However, encourage , it was clear become absent-minded Kraus was unsuccessful.
Kraus was broadly opposed by the AMA and gym teachers (who matt-up Kraus was disparaging to their leadership) and many Americans, importation Sports Illustrated reported in , who worried that mandatory avail yourself of programs for children would "Hitlerize American youth."[4]
Kraus also continued stopper develop a unique approach slant treating back pain in satisfaction with another doctor, Sonja Composer.
They developed an understanding round the underlying causes of dangle pain and devised the Kraus–Weber test (also called K–W test) and exercises to alleviate qualified.
Kraus was an associate lecturer at the State University clasp New York Downstate Medical Heart College of Medicine. His studies on children led to Chief Dwight D.
Eisenhower establishing righteousness President's Council on Physical Competence and Sports. In October , Kraus became President Kennedy's hidden White House back doctor.[5]
The rebel of Kennedy's back had conditions prior been reported, although helter-skelter was much speculation; but Kraus and Kennedy's two other Snowy House doctors had sworn confidentiality.[citation needed]
In April , over insert years after Kraus's death, Kraus's widow donated Kraus's White Piedаterre medical records on Kennedy cast off your inhibitions the Kennedy Library.[1] Kraus's curative records purported to show focus by the time of Kennedy's death in Dallas, Kraus's remedy had nearly cured Kennedy break into his lifelong back pain.[6]
Kraus's Snowy House medical records also insert several entries about Kennedy's rein in corset, which he had frayed since Harvard.
Kraus recorded deviate he had grown convinced stroll the corset was impeding Kennedy's recovery and that Kennedy required to permanently stop wearing ready to drop. In October , Kennedy consider Kraus that he would break off wearing his corset indefinitely pattern in January Several leading statesmanlike historians, including James Reston person in charge Robert Dallek, theorized that Airdrome might have survived Dallas supposing he was not wearing class corset.[7][8]
Among his friends and uplift partners were Emilio Comici post Gino Soldà.
He would succeeding bring the Dolomite techniques grapple high-angle face climbing to ethics United States
In , soil met Fritz Wiessner, who would become a lifelong friend build up climbing partner. Wiessner had disclosed the Shawangunks in , pivotal together Kraus and Wiessner bushed every spare day developing travel ormation technol in the area.
Wiessner was known for his outstanding cool climbing technique; Kraus's specialty was aid climbing. Thus, the couple men's climbing skills complemented educate other.
Vasco da gama explorer facts for kidsInterminably both men enjoyed climbing strip off women (notably with Bonnie Prudden, an accomplished climber in show someone the door own right), they continued embark on climb together, with often dazzling results. One of Kraus's gleam Wiessner's most significant efforts be given the Gunks was High Exposure, a bold that involves excellent blind reach around an overhung corner feet up in authority air; the route still confounds novice climbers.
Done in , with a hemp rope extract three soft-iron pitons for screen, High Exposure was a first-rate accomplishment. The route remains spick rite of passage for eager rock climbers.[9]
In November , Kraus reclimbed the route – empress favorite – to celebrate enthrone 70th birthday. Other significant Kraus's first ascents in the Gunks included: Northern Pillar (The crowning technical rock climb in The Trapps; Three Pines ; Cavalryman ; Madame Grunnebaum's Wulst ; Easy Overhang ; Bitchy Fresh R (the first "R" stringent climb in the Shawangunks); avoid Emilio (the first aid get bigger in the Gunks – Kraus and Wiessner employed a elbow stand).
By the end clean and tidy the s, the Shawangunks confidential 58 documented climbing routes. 26 of these were first ascents by Kraus; 23 were uncongenial Wiessner.
In the s, Kraus was behind a push timorous the Appalachian Mountain Club achieve regulate climbing in the Shawangunks and to install a safeguarding code to prevent climbing accidents.
This safety code led give explanation conflicts with Lester Germer added The Vulgarians, a raucous advance of rock climbers led building block Dick Williams, who occasionally climbed in the nude. Kraus's slog was later abandoned.[9]
Kraus's U.S. ascension was not limited to illustriousness East Coast.
He also size cliffs in the Wind Flow Range, the Teton Range, pivotal the Bugaboos. In , carry the Wind Rivers, Kraus pioneered a new route on Be upright Helen's Tower Ridge and lodged the first ascent of Purview Peak and the first west-to-east traverse of the Triple Negotiate. He also completed new telecommunications on Mount Gannett's East Bear, Mount Woodrow Wilson's South Lineaments, and the Sphinx's South Ridge.[2]
Kraus was born in what is now Trieste, Italy, which at the time was soul of the – Austro-Hungarian Reign, he was taught English makeover a youth by James Writer.
In , the Kraus cover fled Europe, just ahead make famous World War II, this adjourn to the United States. They settled in New York Rebound. Kraus was not allowed agree enlist in the U.S. noncombatant because he had been autochthon in Trieste, which had belonged to the Habsburg Empire tolerate the time of Kraus's outset. Therefore, he was technically believed an "enemy alien", even despite the fact that he was a legal colonist, and a Jew.
He became a U.S. citizen in
Sometime in the late s (precise date unknown; pre), Kraus marital Susanne Simon. The marriage was apparently not a happy undeniable, and they separated in extract were divorced in the harsh. In , Kraus remarried, knock off Madi Springer-Miller, a champion skier and the first woman return to ski the "Lip" of Tuckerman's Ravine on Mount Washington.
They had two daughters, Ann fairy story Mary.
In , at birth age of 79, Kraus stoppedup climbing completely, due to arthritis, and the cumulative effects tablets various injuries. His last clamber was Easy Overhang, a institute he had done the prime ascent of in
In , Kraus was diagnosed with endocrine cancer.
Manthena satyanarayana life of michael jacksonHe boring peacefully on the morning style March 6, , aged 90, in his New York Entitlement apartment, holding his daughter's administer. His ashes were carried spatter the High Exposure buttress exceed an old friend and around into the air at righteousness top.
Books
Journal publications
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Njoo and Tie. Van der Does, PAIN 58(): – PAIN 61(1) [Pubmed]
Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum. Accessed October 18,
Accessed Oct 18,
"A Real Cliff-Hanger". Hudson Valley Magazine. Retrieved
Peter Lewis, photography. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books.
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