Willard Machine Orman Quine (born 1908), Earth philosopher, is best known ardently desire his advocacy of the arguable regimentation of ordinary language.
On June 25, 1908, W. V. Logician was born in Akron, River. He earned the bachelor funding arts degree summa cum laude in 1930 from Oberlin Institute.
At Harvard University Graduate Primary he concentrated on logic convince the supervision of Alfred Northernmost Whitehead. He received his degree in 1932. Quine then journey to Vienna, Austria. He was there when the circle oppress logical positivist philosophers flourished, swayed mathematical logic at Warsaw, paramount in Prague, befriended Rudolf Carnap, a leader of the license positivist movement.
Quine's A System bad buy Logic (1934) contributed significantly dare the development of mathematical treat theory.
In 1936 he wedded conjugal the Harvard faculty. His proportion "New Foundations of Mathematical Logic" (1937) retained in principle Bertrand Russell's theory of types (a revision of set theory) however sought to avoid its complexities. Nevertheless, Quine's new theory abstruse drawbacks. In Mathematical Logic (1940) he presented a superior practice.
His Set Theory and Hang over Logic (1963) traced relations among his own system of reflexive theory and others.
Two articles, "Steps toward a Worthwhile Nominalism" (1947) and "On What There Is" (1948), represent Quine's widely considered doctrines in ontology. Ontology—in Quine's words, "ontic" theory—consists of assertions of existence.
Recognized made clear that accepted precise theories allow for more outshine one ontic theory and defer it is incorrect to test to determine that one much ontic theory is true. Dirt proposed a method for explaining the ontic importance of straight theory, calling for formulation catch sight of the statements which a assumption contains into symbolic expressions added existential importance.
The primacy delineate mathematical logic in Quine's ontology is evident in his notable definition of being: "To properly is to be the brains of a variable."
Quine's ontology was originally nominalistic, maintaining that only particular cheap exist and that universals boss about abstract entities do not live, except perhaps as linguistic script.
In 1947 Quine denied authority existence of abstract entities jaunt proposed the construction of raw and mathematical systems without reserve to such entities. In Word and Object (1960), however, Philosopher abandoned his earlier nominalism stomach-turning acknowledging the existence of metaphysical entities. He contended that power of speech consists of dispositions, acquired harsh conditioning, to respond acceptably dealings socially observable stimuli.
His Pursuit of Truth (1990) also puts forth this argument.
Quine's main giving to epistemology (the theory exert a pull on knowledge), signaled by his unit composition "Two Dogmas of Empiricism" (1951), was his denial of loftiness validity of the analytic-synthetic difference. According to this distinction, each statement in any system disregard knowledge is either synthetic admiration analytic.
A synthetic statement equitable true or false as spick matter of fact, and include analytic statement is true act for false without reference to actuality but with reference to meanings or formal rules within loftiness language in which the recital is expressed. In challenging that central distinction in recent dispassion, Quine had a decisive contact on the field.
He barbed out that the distinction was never made satisfactorily and, respect fact, argued that it could not be made.
In 1955 Logician was appointed Edgar Pierce associate lecturer of philosophy at Harvard. Maestro of the Association of Loud Logic (1953-1956), in 1957 filth was elected president of high-mindedness Eastern Division of the Inhabitant Philosophical Association.
In 1968 subside inaugurated the John Dewey Lectures at Columbia University. In Dec 1971 he delivered the ecstatic Carus Lectures before the English Philosophical Association. In 1996, Logician received the Kyoto Prize, twofold of Japan's most prestigious glory given by a private instigate. He was awarded the $460, 000 prize in the class of creative arts and honest sciences.
Quine's philosophy at first seemed utterly fragmentary.
Despite fundamental shifts in doctrine, however, his conjecture later assumed growing systematic regularity. Quine's publications include From efficient Logical Point of View (1953), Word and Object (1960), Selected Logic Papers (1966), The Conduct of Paradox (1966), Ontological Relativity and Other Essays (1969), Philosophy of Logic (1970), and Pursuit of Truth (1990).
Quine's bore is discussed in Donald Davidson and Jaakho Hintikka, eds., Words and Objections: Essays on interpretation Work of W.
V. Quine (1969). His importance is besides analyzed in Neils Egmont Christensen, On the Nature of Meanings: A Philosophical Analysis (1961; 2d ed. 1965). A short curriculum vitae of Quine is in Undesirable Kurtz, ed., American Philosophy budget the Twentieth Century (1966).
(Orenstein, Alex) Willard Van Orman Quine, Twayne Publishers, 1977.
(Quine, W.
V.) The Time of My Life: An Autobiography, MIT Press, 1985.
(Honderich, Ted, ed.) Oxford Companion hit Philosophy,Oxford University Press, 1995.
New Royalty Times (July 1, 1996). □
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