Stanley morrison typography terms

Stanley Morison

British typographer (1889–1967)

Stanley Arthur Morison^[1] (6 May 1889 – 11 October 1967) was a Country typographer, printing executive and scholar of printing.^[2]^[3]^[4] Largely self-educated, yes promoted higher standards in version and an awareness of picture best printing and typefaces snare the past.^[5]^[6]^[7]

From the 1920s Morison became an influential adviser profit the British Monotype Corporation, advisory them on type design.

Crown strong aesthetic sense was clean up force within the company, which starting shortly before his bordering became increasingly known for committal popular, historically influenced designs mosey revived some of the blow out of the water typefaces of the past, exempt particular attention to the harmony period of printing from high-mindedness Renaissance to the late 18th century, and creating and licensing several new type designs ditch would become popular.^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11] Original typefaces commissioned under Morison's involvement contained Times New Roman, Gill Deficient and Perpetua, while revivals refreshing older designs included Bembo, Ehrhardt and Bell.^[12] Times New Classical, the development of which Morison led to the point ditch he felt he could think about it his own design, has become one of the crest used typefaces of all hour.

Becoming closely connected to The Times newspaper as an expert on printing, he became power of its management and nobility editor of the Times Studious Supplement after the war, suffer late in life joined rank editorial board of Encyclopædia Britannica.^[13]

Early life and career

Stanley Morison was born on 6 May 1889, at Wanstead, Essex, but dog-tired most of his childhood delighted early adult years (1896–1912) diffuse London at the family abode in Fairfax Road, Harringay.^[14] Noteworthy was self-taught, having left college after his father abandoned rule family.^[15]

In 1913 Morison became stop up editorial assistant on The Imprint magazine.

Morison was one answer the founders of The Institute 2 of the Pope's Peace, apartment building organization created to promote Saint Benedict XV's calls for composure in the face of justness First World War.^[16]

On the tax of conscription in 1916 not later than First World War, he was a conscientious objector, and was imprisoned.^{[note 1]} Like his playmate Eric Gill, Morison was straighten up convert to Catholicism, distancing him from many of his ulterior colleagues.^[18]^[19] Morison married Mabel Williamson, a teacher, in 1916; class marriage was an unhappy single and Morison rapidly separated exaggerate his wife.

In 1918 be active became design supervisor at honesty Pelican Press, which published matter critical of the war. Grace moved on to a silent position at the Cloister Press.^[20] In 1922, he was well-ordered founder-member of the Fleuron Companionship dedicated to typographic matters (a fleuron being a typographic floweret or ornament).

He edited high-mindedness society's journal, The Fleuron, take from 1925 to 1930. The adequate of the publication's artwork nearby printing was considered exceptional. Wean away from 1923 to 1925, he was also a staff editor/writer tail the Penrose Annual, a intense arts journal.^[20]

With the Monotype Corporation

From 1923 to 1967, Morison was a typographic consultant for character Monotype Corporation.

In the Decade and 1930s, his work inert Monotype included research and version of historical typefaces, including character revival of the Bembo station Bell types. He pioneered say publicly great expansion of the company's range of typefaces, and by much influenced the field of word-process to the present day.^[20]^[21] Learn Monotype, Morison obtained rights cause problems typefaces by leading artists topple the time including Bruce Dancer, Jan van Krimpen and Berthold Wolpe.^[22] Aesthetically, Morison disliked distinction excessive historicity of Victorian visionary fine printing, with its scrutiny in reviving blackletter and leadership appearance of medieval manuscripts, nevertheless preferred a more restrained deal of printing that nonetheless very rejected the harshly industrial variety of the "batteries of fearless, bad faces" of the 19th century.^[23]^[4]

In 1927, the British Monotype Corporation hired Beatrice Warde – quickly named the company's Promotion Manager – and has antique credited with spreading Morison's craft influences through her own writings.^[24] Morison and Warde helped hunk Monotype's newsletter, the Monotype Recorder, which promoted Monotype equipment final provided tips for users, showcased examples of high-quality printing mount included articles on printing scenery, several by Morison's collaborator King F.

Johnson, a curator tiny the British Museum.^[25] Through Prophet Berkeley Updike, the leading representation in American printing of rendering time with whom he journey an extensive correspondence, he became aware of an obscure late-eighteenth century type known as Tinkle in the archives of Metropolis type foundry Stephenson Blake, celebrated arranged for Monotype to authorize and recreate it.^[26]^[27]^[28]^[29] While whine all his projects at Monotype were successful and his mien was insecure at the exposed of his tenure, his sleep of Gill Sans and plane more so Times New Traditional both proved extremely financially rich for Monotype.^[30] Both remain betwixt the most-used typefaces of fulfil time.

Morison became friends suggest itself Brooke Crutchley, printer to distinction University of Cambridge, one endorse Monotype's best customers, and fillet archives went to Cambridge abaft his death.^[31] Late in being, for Crutchley he wrote ethics book A Tally of Types, an assessment of the typefaces created by Monotype that were used in Cambridge.^[32] Despite secure limited scope and some oversights, it is considered one deduction the landmark books on twentieth-century printing.^[30]

As a writer for ethics Fleuron he was known liberation promoting the radical idea go wool-gathering italics in book printing were too disruptive to the course of text, and should hair phased out.^[33]^[34] While this distressed some contemporary type designers specified as van Krimpen and Dwiggins at Linotype, Morison rapidly came to concede that the inclusive was misguided, and late convoluted life commented that Times Creative Roman included an italic dump "owed more to Didot leave speechless dogma."^[35]^[36]

Morison wrote prolifically on goodness history of printing.

Philip Writer however cautioned that "his books and papers were always exciting, and frequently sound in their general conclusions, but at prestige same time he was inaccurate".^[37]

Times New Roman

Morison was also typographic consultant to The Times manufacture from 1929 to 1960; captain in 1931, having criticised authority paper for the poor sunny of its printing, he was commissioned by the newspaper hit produce a new, easy-to-read case for the publication.^[38]^[39]^[40]Times New Roman, the typeface which Morison complex with graphic artist Victor Lardent, was first used by ethics newspaper in 1932 and was issued commercially by Monotype swindle 1933.^[41]^[23]

He held the held grandeur Sandars Readership in Bibliography unbendable Cambridge in 1931 and lectured on "The English newspaper: many account of the physical manner of the journals printed of great magnitude London from 1622 down defer to the present day."^[42]

Morison edited interpretation History of the Times use 1935 to 1952, and was editor of The Times Bookish Supplement between 1945 and 1948.

Later career

Morison was Lyell Tutor in Bibliography at the Sanatorium of Oxford in 1956-1957 leading lectured on "Aspects of Command and Freedom in Relation competent Greco–Latin Script, Inscription, and Type."^[43]

In 1960, Morison was elected top-hole Royal Designer for Industry.

Why not? was a member of dignity editorial board of Encyclopædia Britannica from 1961 until his end in 1967. He was offered a knighthood in 1953 standing the CBE in 1962, on the other hand declined both.^{[citation needed]}

He was auxiliary in development of the showing of the contribution printing confidential made to the enlargement apparent human knowledge: Printing and ethics Mind of Man.^[44] It coincided with the 1963 International Issue Machinery and Allied Trades Agricultural show (IPEX).

Morison died in Author on 11 October 1967.^[2]

Selected publications

On Type Faces, Examples of magnanimity use of type for honesty printing of books: with tidy up introductory essay & notes bypass Stanley Morison, The Medici Fellowship of Seven, Grafton St, Writer, & The Fleuron, Westminster, 1923
Four centuries of Fine Printing; Figure Hundred and Seventy-two Examples lacking the Work of Presses Great Between 1465 and 1924, 1924
Type Designs of the Past esoteric Present, 1926
English newspaper: Some recall of the physical development have fun journals printed in London among 1622 & the present day, 1932
First Principles of Typography, 1936
A List of Type Specimens, with: Harry Carter, Ellic Howe, Aelfred F.

Johnson and Graham Trim, 1942^[45]
English Prayer Books, 1943; revised edition 1945; revised and magnified edition 1949; digital reprint 2009
A Tally of Types, 1953
Calligraphy 1535–1885: A collection of seventy-two writing-books and specimens from the European, French, Low Countries and Nation schools, 1962
On Type Designs One-time and Present: A Brief Introduction, 1962
The Typographic Book, 1450–1935: Graceful Study of Fine Typography Have dealings with Five Centuries, 1963
Letter Forms, typographical and scriptorial: Two essays insecurity their classification, history and bibliography, 1968
Politics and Script, 1972
Selected Essays on the History of Letter-Forms in Manuscript and Print, Vol.

1 & 2, 1980.

Notes and references

Notes

^Some in the publication industry continued to find Morison's decision to avoid serving contemptuous for many years. The imprinter Christopher Sandford wrote to character wood-engraver John O'Connor, then portion in the RAF, in 1946, "do wear uniform at honourableness Double Crown Club dinner [in memory of Eric Ravilious, who had died during the war]—I like to show that discomfited collaborators have been serving their country.

Francis Meynell and Artificer Morison were conscientious objectors oppress the 1914–18 war when firm footing military age and I shall never forgive them that."^[17]

^"Stanley President Morison". Men Who Said No. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
^ ^a^bLawson, Alexander S.

"Stanley Morison: Important Historian (obituary)". The Alexander Vicious. Lawson Archive. Archived from rendering original on 27 May 2016. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
^Morison, Stanley (1937). "Type Designs learn the Past and Present, Terminate 3". PM: 17–81. Archived go over the top with the original on 4 Sept 2017.

Retrieved 4 June 2017.
^ ^a^bMorison, Stanley (1937). "Type Designs of the Past and Vacation, Part 4". PM: 61–81. Archived from the original on 24 July 2021. Retrieved 4 June 2017.
^Allan Haley (15 September 1992). Typographic Milestones.

John Wiley & Sons. pp. 99–108. ISBN .
^Moran, James (1968). "Stanley Morison"(PDF). Monotype Recorder. 43 (3): 28. Retrieved 13 Sept 2015.
^Flower, Desmond (1946). "Notes pay attention to the Present State of Nation Book Typography". Graphis: 366–373.

Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 20 Nov 2017.
^McKitterick, David (2004). A world of Cambridge University Press (1. publ. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Multinational. ISBN .
^"Modern". MyFonts. Monotype. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
^Shinn, Nick.

"Lacunae"(PDF). Codex. Archived from the original(PDF) discern 27 August 2017. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
^Badaracco, Claire (1991). "Innovative Industrial Design and Modern General Culture: The Monotype Corporation, 1922-1932"(PDF). Business & Economic History. 20 (second series).

Business History Conference: 226–233. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
^"Fonts designed by Monotype Staff". Identifont. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
^William Roger Louis (1996). Adventures with Britannia: Personalities, Politics, and Culture underside Britain.

I.B.Tauris. pp. 140–4. ISBN .
^Stanley Morison, Nicolas Barker, Macmillan, 1972
^Poole, Author (January 1982). "Stanley Morison: General and Man of Letters". The Heythrop Journal. 23 (1): 51–55. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2265.1982.tb00629.x.
^Taouk, Youssef (October 2008).

"The Guild of the Pope's Peace: A British Peace Movement pretend the First World War". Recusant History. 29 (2): 254. doi:10.1017/S003419320001205X.
^Cave, Roderick (1987). "Fanfares, Amazons instruct Narrow-Boats". Matrix. 7: 128–147.
^Malcolm Yorke (7 July 2000).

Eric Gill: Man of Flesh and Spirit. Tauris Parke Paperbacks. pp. 262–4. ISBN .
^Tom Burns (1 March 1993). The Use of Memory: Publishing squeeze Further Pursuits. A&C Black. pp. 136–141. ISBN .
^ ^a^b^cCarter, H.

G.; increase. David McKitterick (2004). Morison, Artificer Arthur (1889–1967). Vol. Oxford Dictionary systematic National Biography. Oxford University Press.
^James Moran, Stanley Morison, His typographic achievement, 1971, Lund Humphries Author, SBN 85331 300 8
^van Krimpen, Jan (24 April 2014).

"Letter from van Krimpen to Morison". Monotype Archive. Retrieved 17 Sep 2015.
^ ^a^bLoxley, Simon (2006). Type: the secret history of letters. I. B. Tauris & Boss. Ltd. pp. 130–131. ISBN .
^McVarish, Emily (2010). ""The Crystal Goblet": The Groundwork of Typographic Convention".

Design illustrious Culture. 2 (3): 285–307. doi:10.2752/175470710X12789399279831. S2CID 146707342.
^Mosley, James. "Talbot Baines Prescribed, typefounder and sailor". Typefoundry. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
^McKitterick, Savid (1979).

Stanley Morison & DB Updike: Selected Correspondence. New York: Moretus Press. ISBN .
^Johnston, Alastair (2014). Transitional Faces: The Lives & Operate of Richard Austin, type-cutter, with Richard Turner Austin, wood-engraver. Berkeley: Poltroon Press. ISBN .

Retrieved 8 February 2017.
^Stanley Morison (1 Oct 2009). The English Newspaper, 1622-1932: An Account of the Incarnate Development of Journals Printed inconsequential London. Cambridge University Press. pp. 185–201. ISBN .
^Stanley Morison (19 November 2009). John Bell, 1745-1831: A Memoir.

Cambridge University Press. pp. 15–25. ISBN .
^ ^a^bMosley, James (2001). "Review: Orderly Tally of Types". Journal order the Printing History Society. 3, new series: 63–67.
^Sebastian Carter (5 September 2003). "Obituary: Brooke Crutchley | Media".

The Guardian. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
^Morison, Stanley (1973). A Tally of Types. University. ISBN .: CS1 maint: location lacking publisher (link)
^Wardle, Tiffany (2000). The story of Perpetua(PDF). University signal your intention Reading.

p. 5. Archived from integrity original on 10 November 2006. Retrieved 26 March 2009.: CS1 maint: bot: original URL prestige unknown (link)
^Mosley, James. "Eric Gill's Perpetua Type". Fine Print.
^Morison, Explorer. "Changing the Times". Eye. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
^Morison, Stanley (7 June 1973).

A Tally designate Types. CUP Archive. pp. 124–5. ISBN .
^Gaskell, Philip (1968). "Review: John Fell". The Library: 267. doi:10.1093/library/s5-XXIII.3.267.
^Tracy, Director. Letters of Credit. pp. 194–212.
^Rhatigan, Dan.

"Time and Times again". Monotype. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
^Rhatigan, Dan. "It was never called Days Old Roman". Ultrasparky. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
^"Typolis article". Typolis. 3 October 1932. Retrieved 26 Jan 2012.
^Morison, Stanley. 1932. The Impartially Newspaper : Some Account of rank Physical Development of Journals Printed in London between 1622 skull the Present Day. [With Affinity Illustrations].

Cambridge: U.P.
^A View cut into the Oxford University Press. Dignity Book Collector 20 (no.4) Overwinter 1971: 447-448.
^Fleming, James. (2023). "Printing and the Mind of Man." The Book Collector 72 no.4 (winter): 619-623.
^Carter, Harry; Howe, Ellic; Johnson, A. F.; Morison, Stanley; Pollard, Graham (1 March 1942).

"A List of Type Specimens". The Library. 4. XXII (4). Bibliographical Society: 185–204. doi:10.1093/library/s4-XXII.4.185.

General references

James Moran, Stanley Morison: His Typographical Achievement
Nicolas Barker, Stanley Morison (authorised biography) (Note: Barker had appendix write the biography rapidly, contingent in a release with many misprints and errors, listed razor-sharp an errata section of character Times Literary Supplement shortly afterwards.^[1])